Artheru：Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)

2026-05-16T11:15:16Z

Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)

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== 概述 / Overview ==
本页是 ''激光雷达插件适配'' 的总入口。MDCS 把雷达 / 相机视为一类 ''传感器插件''，通过 Medulla2 的 `IOObject` 体系热插拔。开发新雷达适配的目标是写一个 .NET DLL，包含名为 `MainIOObject` 的类，继承自下列基类之一：

This is the entry page for adapting a new lidar to MDCS. Medulla2 treats lidars (and cameras) as ''sensor plugins'': a single .NET DLL whose entry class is named `MainIOObject` and inherits from one of the bases below.

{| class="wikitable"
! 传感器 / Sensor !! 基类 / Base class !! 文件 / File !! 详细教程 / Detailed guide
|-
| 2D 激光雷达 / 2D lidar || `Lidar2DIOObject` || `D:\src\M2\OfficialPlugins\LidarController\Lidar2DIOObject.cs` || [[Special:MyLanguage/2D激光雷达适配|2D激光雷达适配]]
|-
| 3D 激光雷达 / 3D lidar || `Lidar3DIOObject` || `D:\src\M2\OfficialPlugins\LidarController\Lidar3DIOObject.cs` || [[Special:MyLanguage/3D激光雷达适配|3D激光雷达适配]]
|-
| 相机（2D/3D）/ Camera || `IOObject`（约定 `MainIOObject` 类名）/ `IOObject` (convention: class name `MainIOObject`) || `D:\src\M2\MedullaCore\Types\IO.cs:47` || [[Special:MyLanguage/3D相机适配|3D相机适配]]
|}

== 适配工作量速查 / Adaptation effort cheat-sheet ==
{| class="wikitable"
! 难度 / Difficulty !! 雷达类型 / Lidar type !! 典型工作 / Typical work !! 工时 / Effort
|-
| ⭐ Easy || 厂商提供 .NET SDK 的 2D / 3D 雷达 / 2D/3D with vendor .NET SDK || 包一层适配，把 SDK 回调写到 cachedLidar / Wrap SDK callbacks into `cachedLidar` || 0.5–1 d
|-
| ⭐⭐ Medium || 协议公开但需自己解析报文（TCP / UDP）/ Open protocol, parse frames || 帧解析 + 字节序 + 点云转换 / Frame parsing + endianness + point conversion || 1–3 d
|-
| ⭐⭐⭐ Hard || 协议私有 / 半私有，需逆向 / 现场抓包 / Closed protocol, reverse-engineer || + 协议分析 + 异常恢复 / Plus protocol analysis & failure recovery || 3–10 d
|}

== 适配前先做的事 / Before you start ==
1. 拿到雷达的硬件说明书与通信手册（角分辨率、扫描频率、协议、数据格式）。<br />Get the hardware datasheet and protocol manual (angular resolution, scan rate, protocol, frame layout).
2. 用厂商工具确认雷达 ''数据流通'' — 设备通电、连上电脑、能看到点云。<br />Use the vendor tool to verify the device powers up and streams.
3. 决定使用的通讯方式（TCP / UDP / 串口 / USB CAN）。<br />Pick the transport (TCP / UDP / serial / USB CAN).
4. 用 [[Special:MyLanguage/MDCS-plugin-helper|MDCS-plugin-helper]] 创建工程骨架：<br />Scaffold the project with MDCS-plugin-helper:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cd MDCS-plugin-helper
python generate.py
# 选择 lidar sensor plugin / Select "lidar sensor plugin"
# 输入工程名，例如 / Project name e.g.: WLR716Lidar
</syntaxhighlight>

== 关键概念 / Key concepts ==
=== 数据模型 / Data model ===
雷达插件每扫完一帧，把点云填入基类的 `cachedLidar` 字段（`LidarPoint2D[]` 或 `LidarPoint3D[]`），然后调用 `output()`。`output()` 把当前帧序列化到 `DObject`（共享内存）；Detour 在另一进程订阅这个 DObject 拿数据。

A lidar plugin fills its frame into `cachedLidar` (`LidarPoint2D[]` for 2D, `LidarPoint3D[]` for 3D) once per full scan, then calls `output()`. `output()` serialises to a named `DObject` (shared memory); Detour subscribes from another process and reads from there.

2D 点 / 2D point:
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
public class LidarPoint2D
{
public float th; // 角度 / angle (rad or degrees per plugin)
public float d; // 距离 / distance (mm)
public float intensity; // 归一化反射率 / normalised reflectivity
}
</syntaxhighlight>

3D 点 / 3D point:
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
public class LidarPoint3D
{
public float d; // 距离 / distance
public float azimuth; // 方位角 / azimuth
public float altitude; // 俯仰角 / altitude
public float intensity;
public float progression; // 用于多回波合并 / multi-echo
}
</syntaxhighlight>

=== 生命周期 / Lifecycle ===

io load plugins/WLR716Lidar.dll → Reflection 找到 MainIOObject 并实例化
→ 插件 Start(...) 启动通信线程
→ 线程内循环: 读包 → 解析 → fill cachedLidar → output()
→ Medulla / Detour 在 DObject 上等到帧后继续工作

启动命令（`startup.iocmd`）：
The Medulla startup script (`startup.iocmd`) wires it up:

<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
lidar = io load plugins/WLR716Lidar.dll
lidar Start 192.168.0.2 2110
</syntaxhighlight>

=== 关键字段 / Key fields ===
{| class="wikitable"
! 字段 / Field !! 类型 !! 含义 / Meaning
|-
| `cachedLidar` || `LidarPoint2D[]` / `3D[]` || 最新一整帧点云 / latest full-scan cloud
|-
| `frame` || `long` || 帧计数器，单调递增 / monotonically increasing frame counter
|-
| `scanC` || `int` || 雷达自上电起的帧号 / device's own frame count since power-on
|-
| `interval` || `double` || 上一帧到当前帧的耗时（ms）/ elapsed ms since previous frame
|-
| `tick` || `long` || 输出时刻的系统 tick / system tick at `output()`
|-
| `angleBias` || `float` || 角度偏置；用于硬件倒装或安装角误差 / angle offset (mount correction)
|-
| `mirror` || `bool` || 倒装标志，true 时 `th := -th` / mirror flag — negates `th`
|-
| `ReflexRange` || `float` || 反射率归一化分母 / reflectivity normaliser
|-
| `angleStart/End` || `float` || 输出帧的角度过滤区间 / output FOV filter
|-
| `minDist/maxDist` || `float` || 距离过滤区间 / distance filter
|-
| `pointsN` || `int` || 当前帧点数（output 前更新）/ point count
|}

=== 插件发现 / Plugin discovery ===
Medulla 加载 DLL 时通过反射查找 ''类名为 `MainIOObject`'' 的类型，并要求其有无参构造函数。无属性标记。
At load time Medulla looks for the type named `MainIOObject` via reflection; it must have a parameterless constructor. There is no `[Plugin]` attribute.

== 最小骨架 / Minimal skeleton ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using LidarController;

namespace WLR716Lidar
{
public class MainIOObject : Lidar2DIOObject
{
private string _ip;
private int _port = 2110;

public MainIOObject()
{
// 在出厂正装情况下，雷达正前方对应的扫描起 / 止角度（看产品手册）
// For factory-default mounting, the scan start/end relative to lidar forward.
ScanStartAngle = -135;
ScanEndAngle = 135;
ScanAngleSgn = 1; // 逆时针 / counter-clockwise
}

public void Start(string ip, int port = 2110)
{
_ip = ip; _port = port;
new Thread(() =>
{
while (true)
{
try { Loop(); }
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{ex.Message}");
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
}).Start();
}

private void Loop()
{
using var tcp = new TcpClient(_ip, _port);
using var ns = tcp.GetStream();

var thetaList = new List<float>();
var distList = new List<int>();
var intensList = new List<float>();
var ticStart = DateTime.Now;

while (true)
{
// ... read frame header + payload (vendor-specific) ...
// when one full scan accumulated:
var cloud = new List<LidarPoint2D>(thetaList.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < thetaList.Count; i++)
cloud.Add(new LidarPoint2D {
th = (mirror ? -thetaList[i] : thetaList[i]) + angleBias,
d = distList[i],
intensity = intensList[i] / ReflexRange
});

cachedLidar = cloud.ToArray();
frame += 1;
scanC += 1;
interval = (DateTime.Now - ticStart).TotalMilliseconds;
ticStart = DateTime.Now;
tick = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
output();

thetaList.Clear(); distList.Clear(); intensList.Clear();
}
}
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>

详细的协议解析、安装校准与 3D 雷达细节见对应的子页面：
For per-protocol parsing, install-time calibration and 3D-specific details, see the dedicated pages:

* [[Special:MyLanguage/2D激光雷达适配|2D激光雷达适配]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/3D激光雷达适配|3D激光雷达适配]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/3D相机适配|3D相机适配]]

== 校准与对齐 / Calibration & alignment ==
雷达适配完成后必做：
After the plugin works, always:

# '''外参标定 / Extrinsic calibration''': 把雷达坐标系对齐到车体坐标系。教程见 [[Special:MyLanguage/标定激光雷达外参|标定激光雷达外参]]。
# '''水平度复核 / Horizontality check''': 用水平仪 ± IMU 反馈确认雷达扫描平面与地面平行（高位叉车场景尤其重要）。
# '''时间戳一致性 / Timestamp coherence''': 多传感器 SLAM 场景中，`tick` 与系统 NTP 必须一致；> 50 ms 偏差会引起 SLAM 漂移。
# '''强度归一化 / Intensity normalisation''': 通过 `ReflexRange` 调整，让反光板的强度明显高于普通墙面（在 Detour 可视化中表现为偏红）。

== Detour 端怎么收 / Detour-side consumption ==
Detour 在 `D:\src\Detour\DetourCore\CartDefinition\Lidar.cs:302-311` 通过 `DObject(name)` 订阅雷达数据，等待 `Wait()` 后反序列化 `LidarOutput`，再喂给 SLAM。所以插件作者完全不需要直接调用 Detour API — 把帧塞进 `cachedLidar` + 调 `output()` 即可。

Detour subscribes via `DObject(name)` and deserialises `LidarOutput` once `Wait()` returns. Plugin authors don't call Detour APIs directly — `cachedLidar` + `output()` is the whole contract.

外部里程计 / IMU 数据是另一条通路：通过 `TightCoupler.PostExternalFeed(...)`（见 `D:\src\Detour\DetourCore\Algorithms\TightCoupler.ExternalCoupler.cs`）。雷达插件本身不走这条。

External odometry / IMU enters Detour via a separate path (`TightCoupler.PostExternalFeed`). That is not the lidar plugin's job.

== 失败模式与对策 / Common failures ==
* '''雷达连不上 / Can't connect''': 检查 IP / 防火墙，看 `Start()` 抛出的异常被外层 catch 后 sleep 重连。
* '''解析帧长不对 / Wrong frame length''': 字节序错误，确认大端 / 小端；用 vendor 工具抓 1 帧对比。
* '''点云 0° 不在正前方 / 0° not aligned to forward''': 用 `angleBias` 或 `ScanStartAngle/EndAngle` 修正。
* '''反射率值不合理 / Reflectivity off''': 调整 `ReflexRange`；不同雷达把强度 / 反光率 / 回波三个量混用，要看手册区分。
* '''帧率不稳定 / Jittery frame rate''': 多线程同步问题。把读包改为完整 `while(want_len) Read`（同 `TestHe3051\Class1.cs`）。

== 工程示例 / Working example ==
完整可运行示例：`D:\src\cookbook\MDCS-plugin-helper\TestHe3051\Class1.cs`（145 行，TCP 流，He3051 雷达）。

Complete working example: `D:\src\cookbook\MDCS-plugin-helper\TestHe3051\Class1.cs` (145 lines, TCP, He3051 lidar).

== 相关页面 / See also ==
* [[Special:MyLanguage/2D激光雷达适配|2D激光雷达适配]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/3D激光雷达适配|3D激光雷达适配]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/3D相机适配|3D相机适配]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Medulla-API|Medulla-API]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/标定激光雷达外参|标定激光雷达外参]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/使用手册 - 双雷达标定手册|双雷达标定手册]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/激光雷达选型测试报告|激光雷达选型测试报告]]

[[Category:二次开发相关说明]]
[[Category:开发手册]]

如何适配新的雷达 - 版本历史

Artheru：​Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)

Artheru：Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)