Artheru：Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)

2026-05-16T11:26:51Z

Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)

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<languages/>

== 概述 / Overview ==
潜伏顶升车（也称 KIVA 类小车、料架搬运车）是从料架下方钻入、顶升后整体搬运料架到目的地的低矮 AGV。结构最简，但对 ''Detour 定位精度''与 ''[[Special:MyLanguage/使用自动对准料架功能|自动对准料架]]'' 算法要求最高。

The lift-AGV (also "KIVA-class" after Amazon's KIVA) is a low-profile AGV that slides under a rack, jacks it up, and carries it. Mechanically simplest, but most demanding on [[Special:MyLanguage/Detour简介|Detour]] precision and the [[Special:MyLanguage/使用自动对准料架功能|rack-alignment]] algorithm.

参考：浙江迈睿 KIVA 适配（`D:\src\cookbook\adaption-reference\浙江迈睿\CartAdapters\kiva\`）以及苏州艾吉威的对应 ClumsyPilot 实现。
References: Zhejiang Mairui KIVA adapter (`D:\src\cookbook\adaption-reference\浙江迈睿\CartAdapters\kiva\`) plus Suzhou Eswei's ClumsyPilot.

== 硬件清单 / Hardware ==
{| class="wikitable"
! 部件 / Part !! 典型规格 / Typical spec
|-
| 底盘 / Chassis || 双驱动差速（差速旋转） / Two-wheel differential
|-
| 驱动电机 / Drive motor || BLDC 200–600 W × 2
|-
| 顶升机构 / Jack || 电动丝杆 / liquid jack；行程 30–100 mm
|-
| 雷达 / Lidar || 顶面双向 2D（前后扫描）或单向 + 360° 反光板
|-
| IMU / IMU || 6-DoF，必备
|-
| 接近开关 / Proximity || 料架腿检测辅助 / aux for leg detection
|-
| 通讯 / Comm || 工控 PC 本体 + Wi-Fi 5
|}

不需要叉齿 / 倾角 / 复杂 PLC，硬件 IO 极少；MDCS 适配的核心难度在 ''钻入精度''与 ''带架原地旋转''。

No fork / tilt / complex PLC; minimal hardware IO. The MDCS adaptation difficulty is in ''slide-under accuracy'' and ''in-place rotation while carrying''.

== 1. Medulla 适配 / Medulla side ==
最小 IO 表 / Minimal IO surface:

<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
public class KivaCart : CartDefinition
{
[AsInitParam] public string motorPort = "COM3";
[AsInitParam] public float wheelBase = 460; // mm, between drive wheels
[AsInitParam] public float jackStroke = 80; // mm

[AsUpperIO] public float vLeft, vRight; // 双驱差速指令 / per-wheel cmd
[AsUpperIO] public float jackTarget; // 0 = down, jackStroke = up
[AsUpperIO] public bool led; // 顶部状态灯 / status LED

[AsLowerIO] public float vLeftEst, vRightEst;
[AsLowerIO] public float jackHeight;
[AsLowerIO] public bool jackAtTarget;
[AsLowerIO] public bool eStop;
[AsLowerIO] public int batteryPercent;
[AsLowerIO] public bool legProx; // 接近开关：腿在我下面 / leg under me
}
</syntaxhighlight>

ladder logic 同样 50 ms 周期；KIVA 一般通过厂商 USB-CAN 或 RS485 与轮控板通讯（具体协议见厂商手册）。

The ladder logic runs at 50 ms; talk to the wheel controllers over the vendor's USB-CAN or RS485 channel.

== 2. Clumsy 自动驾驶适配 / Clumsy side ==
关键 Movement / Key movements:

* `SteeringLineFollowing` — 巡线到 ''料架前 anchor''
* `AutoShelfFetching_ManyLegs` — 自动钻入并对准料架（见 [[Special:MyLanguage/使用自动对准料架功能|使用自动对准料架功能]]）
* `JackUp(targetHeight)` — 顶升包封，等待 `jackAtTarget` 为 true
* `InPlaceRotate(angle)` — 带架原地差速旋转（必须在 jack-up 后启用 ''带载包络''）

<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
public class AGV : SimpleAgvInterface
{
public void PickRack(double anchorX, double anchorY, double rackX, double rackY)
{
Queue(
async () =>
{
DriveTask.WaitDriveTask(new SteeringLineFollowing
{
srcX = currentX, srcY = currentY,
dstX = anchorX, dstY = anchorY,
basespeed = 800
}.Follow());
},
async () =>
{
// Slide under + auto-align (从 anchor 切到 rack centre)
DriveTask.WaitDriveTask(new AutoShelfFetching_ManyLegs
{
aX = anchorX, aY = anchorY,
bX = rackX, bY = rackY,
initSpeed = 600, inShelfSpeed = 200,
stopDist = 30, width = Configuration.conf.rackLegSpan,
startingSlot = 10
}.Get());
},
async () =>
{
// Jack up
SetUpperIO("jackTarget", Configuration.conf.jackStroke);
await WaitForLowerIO("jackAtTarget", 4000);
carryingRack = true;
});
}

public void DropRack(double targetX, double targetY)
{
Queue(
async () =>
{
DriveTask.WaitDriveTask(new SteeringLineFollowing
{
srcX = currentX, srcY = currentY,
dstX = targetX, dstY = targetY,
basespeed = 500 // 带载减速 / slow when loaded
}.Follow());
},
async () =>
{
SetUpperIO("jackTarget", 0);
await WaitForLowerIO("jackAtTarget", 4000);
carryingRack = false;
},
async () =>
{
// 后退 200 mm 退出料架 / withdraw 200 mm
DriveTask.WaitDriveTask(new SteeringLineFollowingReverse
{
srcX = targetX, srcY = targetY,
dstX = targetX - 0.2 * Math.Cos(currentTh),
dstY = targetY - 0.2 * Math.Sin(currentTh),
basespeed = 200
}.ReverseFollow());
});
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>

== 3. SimpleComposer 端 / SimpleComposer side ==
顶升车 ClumsyCar 子类需要 ''携带料架时的扩展包络''（料架长宽通常大于车体）：

The ClumsyCar subclass needs an alternate ''carried-rack envelope'' (rack is wider/longer than the AGV):

<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
[CarType(Name = "KivaCart", Title = "KIVA 顶升车 / KIVA lift-AGV")]
public class KivaCar : ClumsyCar
{
public bool carryingRack => /* 从车上心跳读 / from heartbeat */;

public override Envelope GetActiveEnvelope()
{
return carryingRack ? carriedRackEnvelope : base.GetActiveEnvelope();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>

== 4. 标定与调试 / Calibration & tuning ==
# '''轮距与轮径标定''' / Track + wheel diameter: 做正反 5 m 直线，比较 Detour 估的位移与实际，差异 > 2% 必须改 wheel radius 配置。
# '''差速旋转误差''' / Rotation error: 原地转 360° × 10，累计偏差 < 5°。误差大 → 轮距错。
# '''料架腿检测先验''' / Leg priors: 真测料架腿距，写入 `width`。
# '''顶升时长''' / Jack timing: `inshelfMillis` 比顶升时长长 1 s，避免还没顶完就开走。
# '''反光板 / SLAM 切换''' / Reflector / SLAM switch: 反光板辅助定位时务必检查 KIVA 顶面雷达视野，料架钻入后是否仍能看到反光板。

# Wheel-track + diameter cal: drive 5 m fwd/back; if Detour pose differs > 2%, fix the radius.
# Rotation error: spin 360° ×10 in place; cumulative drift < 5° is acceptable.
# Leg priors: write real measured leg span into the `width` field.
# Jack timing: `inshelfMillis` should be 1 s longer than the jack-up time.
# SLAM vs reflector: confirm the top-mounted lidar still sees reflectors after the rack is on top.

== 5. 常见问题 / Common pitfalls ==
* '''钻入时撞腿''' / Hits leg on entry: 检测器 `blobDist` 太大或 anchor 站点离料架太近。
* '''顶升后偏摆''' / Sway after jack: 料架重心偏，或 jack 行程未完全到位；查 `jackAtTarget` 信号。
* '''带架转弯失败''' / Rotation fails with rack: 带载包络未启用，调度允许了无法通过的窄通道。
* '''返回原料架放回失败''' / Re-dock to same rack fails: anchor 与 rack 站点坐标在 SLAM 漂移后不一致；定期 [[Special:MyLanguage/标定与校准|重标定]]。

== 6. 通讯与节拍 / Comm & throughput ==
* 控制周期：50 ms（Medulla LadderLogic）/ Control cycle: 50 ms.
* 心跳：100 ms（向 SimpleComposer 报位置 + jackHeight）/ Heartbeat: 100 ms.
* 取放节拍参考：单次（取-搬-放）约 35–50 s（含 anchor 站到 anchor 站直线 8 m）。

== 相关页面 / See also ==
* [[Special:MyLanguage/MDCS引擎适配机器人入门教学|MDCS引擎适配机器人入门教学]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/叉车适配案例|叉车适配案例]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/全向车适配案例|全向车适配案例]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/牵引车适配案例|牵引车适配案例]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/使用自动对准料架功能|使用自动对准料架功能]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/自动识别工位并取放货|自动识别工位并取放货]]

[[Category:开发手册]]

潜伏顶升车(KIVA类小车)适配案例 - 版本历史

Artheru：​Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)

Artheru：Initial bilingual draft (auto-published)